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A
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Adiposity |
Obesity. The following rule of thumb applies to normal body weight: normal weight = height (in cm) - 100. Deviations of 5% in whatever direction are no cause for concern. Considerable deviations from the normal weight require medical clarification. |
| Adjuvant Therapy |
Each "supportive" type of treatment. If, following a course of treatment, an earlier tumour is no longer detectable, but individual tumour cells cannot be excluded, adjuvant therapy is applied, e.g. with hormones or cytostatic agents. |
| Aerosol |
A spray. In this form medicaments to be inhaled are also administered, when a direct effect on the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs is desirable. |
| Allergy |
Hypersensitive reaction of the organism to certain substances, the so-called allergens. The most frequently experienced allergens are pollens, certain foods, medicaments, bacteria, dust and some chemical compounds. People react to different extents to cold, warmth, light and even to emotional impressions with signs of hypersensitivity.
Allergic symptoms are mainly apparent at specific points of the body, especially the skin, air passages (bronchia), eyes, nose and digestive organs. The most frequent forms of allergy are rashes, eczemas, hay fever and asthma. The inclination to allergic diseases can be inherent, but it can also be acquired at a later date. The causal interrelationships between the allergies has still not been fully clarified. Even the smallest quantities of an allergen can, amongst other things, give rise to life-threatening symptoms. During an allergic reaction the tissue of an organ shows an increased presence of a certain substance, histamine. Antihistamine preparations administered as a medicament can lessen these allergic symptoms. Of the various allergic diseases, bronchial asthma is especially serious. The branchings of the bronchia are narrowed by cramping and, moreover, they secrete excessive amounts of viscous phlegm, which makes breathing extremely difficult. Accompanied by fits of gasping and coughing, the patient has the feeling of no longer being able to breath out and of suffocating. Asthma attacks can last for minutes, for hours or for days. Since long-lasting asthma can cause damage to the lungs, the cause triggering the attack should by all means be identified. |
| Anaemia |
Lack of blood. |
| Analgesic |
Pain-killing. |
| Aneurysm |
Abnormal pouching of the wall of an arterial blood vessel or of the wall of the heart |
| Angina Pectoris |
A sudden feeling of pressure or pain behind the breastbone usually extending into the left arm and neck. It often results in a characteristic feeling of confinement and annihilation. It usually appears in connection with physical strain and cold. It is caused by arteriosclerosis with narrowing of the coronary artery. |
| Angiocardiography |
Imaging of the heart by means of a radiographic contrast medium during cardiac catheterization. |
| Anticoagulation |
Inhibition of clotting of the blood by means of medicaments. |
| Antigen |
Any substance that comes from outside the body and appears to the body as "foreign". Antigens stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. |
| Apnoea |
Cessation of breathing. |
| Armoured Heart |
During a fibrous inflammation of the pericardium, pitted alterations of the pericardium can give rise to an inability of the diastolic chambers to fill, causing a throttling of the blood flow to the heart. This in turn can result in a gathering of water in the lungs, the abdominal cavity and the legs. In the case of deposition of calcium salts in the pericardium (constrictive pericarditis) one speaks of an armoured or bony heart. The pericardium then has to be surgically removed. |
| Arrhythmia |
Any heart rhythm that is faster or slower than the average heart rate for most people, or that is irregular. |
| Arteriosclerosis |
A chronic, progressive, degenerative illness of the interior wall of an artery (endothelium). Fatty deposits in the endothelium give rise to atheromatous (i.e. barb-like) changes that lead to cell destruction and finally to a pronounced increase in the connective-tissue fibres in this layer of the wall (sclerosis). Localized deposits of cholesterol crystals (atheromas) in the endothelium give rise to inflammatory reactions. This finally results in calcareous deposits the centres of which break out leaving ulcers on which blood clots can gather. The complete blockage of a coronary artery, for example, leads to a heart attack and to necrosis of the affected tissue. |
| Atria |
The upper chambers of the heart, i.e. the right and left atria. The atria collect the blood flowing into the heart filling the lower chambers (the ventricles) with blood. |
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C
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Capillaries |
The smallest blood vessels through the walls of which oxygen, nutrients and waste products are filtered, thereby being transported to or from tissue. |
| Cardiac Catheterization |
An examination in which a thin and pliable tube is brought into the heart. This allows the blood pressure in the chambers and blood vessels to be measured, and small samples of blood to be taken from various points in the heart for subsequent measurement of the oxygen content of the blood. The tube (catheter) can also be used to place a contrast medium in the ventricles, which then allows an X-ray film of the heart to be made (angiocardiography). Such films are often necessary for the planning of an operation. |
| Cardiac Dysrhythmia |
The cause of such heart-rhythm defects is usually some fundamental illness of the heart itself, such as coronary insufficiency, cardiac infarction (heart attack) or inflammation of the heart, or some non-cardiac illness such as electrolyte disturbance or hormonal illness. The result can be an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), an increased heart rate (tachycardia) or a decreased heart rate (bradycardia). |
| Cardiac Insufficiency |
An inadequate pump rate by the heart muscle (myocardium). As a result the body cannot be provided with sufficient blood rich in oxygen and nutrients. Depending on whether the left or the right ventricles are insufficient, one speaks of left or right insufficiency. |
| Cardiac Minute Output |
The quantity of blood that is pumped through the heart in the period of a minute. This is also the measurement factor for the pumping performance of the heart. |
| Cardiac Pains |
A feeling of pain in the heart. In the case of adults it is often the first sign of illness of the coronary vessel, whereas in the case of children it is seldom a serious symptom. It is occasionally also a dysaesthesia associated with dysrhythmia, but described as pain. |
| Cardiac Valvular Defect |
Such a defect often occurs through inflammation of the endocardium (valvular endocarditis). This is an acute or chronic inflammation of the valves of the heart. The causes of endocarditis are rheumatic or bacterial illnesses. One of the after-effects is the appearance of the heart valve disease (cardiac valvular defect). In he case of cardiac valvular stenosis, blood congestion in front of the diseased valve gives rise to an increase in the pressure or load on the corresponding section of the heart. In cases of valvular insufficiency part of the blood flows back into the ejecting cavity of the heart. The result is an increase in the volume load. |
| Cardiology |
Embraces the diagnosis and treatment of heart and circulation illnesses. |
| Cardiomyopathy |
Disease of the heart muscle with impairment of the functioning of the heart. There are three forms: dilative, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. |
| Cardioversion |
The stopping of a fast heartbeat by means of an electrical impulse given at the same time as the heartbeat. Low to medium energy is applied in order to restore the normal cardiac rhythm. |
| Case History |
The history of the patient's health to date. The doctor or physician asks, for example, about previous illnesses, those suffered by members of he family, symptoms and complaints. |
| Catecholamine |
Endogenic material that exerts a beneficial influence on the vigour of the heart; also available as medicaments and often used following surgery. |
| Catheter |
A thin plastic tube. |
| Central Venous Catheter |
Infusion catheter, the needle of which lies close to the right atrium. |
| Chemotherapy |
Medicament against cancerous (malignant) illness. |
| Cholesterol |
Cholesterol is produced primarily in the liver. The decomposition and elimination of cholesterol takes place exclusively in the liver. Too high a level of cholesterol in the blood (200 mg/100 ml blood) often facilitates the genesis of arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. A diet of unsaturated fats reduces the level of cholesterol. |
| Coronary Heart Disease |
This relates to a disproportion between the blood requirement and the actual supply of blood to the heart muscle. The cause is a progressive arteriosclerosis of the coronary vessels. Fatty deposits in the endothelium give rise to atheromatous (i.e. barb-like) changes that lead to cell destruction and finally to a pronounced increase in the connective-tissue fibres in this layer of the wall (sclerosis). Localized deposits of cholesterol crystals (atheromas) in the endothelium give rise to inflammatory reactions. This finally results in calcareous deposits the centres of which break out leaving ulcers on which blood clots can gather. The complete blockage of a coronary artery leads to a heart attack and to necrosis of the affected tissue. |
| Coronary Vessels |
There are 2 coronary vessels: the right coronary artery primarily supplies the right half of the heart, whereas the left coronary artery primarily supplies the left half of the heart. |
| Coronary Vessels |
Fine blood vessels that supply the heart muscle itself with fresh blood. A blockage of these vessels leads to a heart attack. |
| Cutaneous |
Relating to the skin. |
| Cyanosis |
Dark, bluish skin colouration due to oxygen deficiency in the blood circulation. This skin colour is referred to as cyanotic. |
| Cyanotic Attack |
Hypoxaemic attack with inadequate oxygen supply to the body |
| Cyanotic Heart Defect |
Leads to a blue colouration of the skin (e.g. Fallot's tetralogy). |
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D
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Degenerative |
Degradated or anomal (abnormal). By impairment of cells that are building blocks for various types of tissue, abnormal changes in the form and function of the tissue can result (muscle degeneration). In the case of a degenerative joint disease this can lead to deformation and impairment of the function of the joint. |
| Diabetes mellitus |
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which, due to insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas, gives rise to an increase in the blood-sugar level. At the same time the fat and protein metabolism is disturbed. For a third of all diabetics, treatment is in the form of a diet, a further third are given tablets (antidiabetic agents), and the last third has to be treated with insulin injections. The diet for diabetics must be essentially low-calorie and low-fat. To avoid sudden metabolic stress and the need for regulation of the blood sugar, six meals a day should be eaten, spread over the day. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. |
| Dilatation |
Widening, e.g. balloon angioplasty. |
| Dilative Cardiomyopathy |
Independent heart muscle disease with enlargement and weakening of one of the ventricles. |
| Doppler |
Austrian physicist, Christian Johann Doppler (1803-1853). An examination principle is based on his discovery relating to the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The "Doppler" is usually integrated in echocardiography devices. This enables one to measure the blood-flow speed and to show this in colour (colour Doppler sonograph) using a suitably equipped device. |
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E
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| ECG (Electrocardiogram) |
A method of recording the rhythm of the heart as a printout on paper. An ECG shows how electrical impulses wander through the heart. The doctor or physician is thereby able to identify the type of rhythm, when he or she sees the curve of the heartbeat printout. |
| Echocardiography |
Sectional views of the heart based on ultrasound. As in the case of echoranging, emitted acoustic waves are recollected and made visible. |
| Electrode |
An isolated wire that transfers the heart signal to the pacemaker or AICD (automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator) and the energy from the pacemaker or AICD to the heart. The electrodes are placed via the veins in the interior of the heart. |
| Electrophysiological Examination |
A test for which electrodes are placed in the heart in order to identify and to measure the electrical signal. The test results can help the doctor or physician to recognize abnormal heart rhythms, to determine how well the medicaments are working and to decide which method of treatment is best suited to the patient's condition. The test can also be used to determine how well an AICD system functions with an abnormal heart rhythm. |
| Embolism |
The blockage of a vessel due to abnormal "clotting", as in the case of a thrombus, or due to air. |
| Endocarditis |
Usually a bacterial inflammation of the endocardium; severe complications, even light cardiac defects. |
| Ergometry |
Measurement of bodily fitness under standardized conditions, as on a treadmill or cycle, or even in the form of knee bending in the case of smaller children. |
| Exercise ECG |
Ergometry usually involving a cycle ergometer with simultaneous recording of an ECG. |
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H
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Haematoma |
A bruise; caused by the gathering of blood outside a blood vessel. |
| Haemoglobin |
Red pigmentation of the blood. (abbreviation: Hb) |
| Haemolysis |
Destruction of the red blood corpuscles. |
| Heart Attack |
The loss or failure of an area of heart tissue following sudden interruption of the blood supply due to blockage of a coronary vessel. The heart attack is usually accompanied by pain, fear of death and a feeling of extermination. |
| Heart Pacemaker |
A device that excites the heart muscle to activity by means of an electric current. It can be needed temporarily after surgery, in which case it lies outside the body. When the need is a long-term one a very small device is implanted. |
| Heart Structure and Functioning |
The heart consists of two halves, these being separated by the cardiac septum. Each half of the heart is subdivided into a weaker-muscled auricle (atrium) and a stronger-muscled chamber (ventricle). The heart is embedded in a membrane, the pericardium. The muscle layer of the heart is called the myocardium. It in turn is covered by a thin internal lining membrane (the endocardium). The right atrium collects the oxygen-deficient (venous) blood and pumps it into the right ventricle. This then pumps it through the pulmonary artery into the lungs. From there the oxygen-rich (arterial) blood flows into the left atrium. This in turn channels it to the left ventricle, which pumps it out and into the body via the aorta. The four valves of the heart function as valves. To prevent any backflow of the blood during contraction of the ventricles (systolic), the tricuspid valve and the mitral (bicuspid) valve (atrioventricular valves) close the way to the atria. When the (diastolic) ventricles relax, the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve (semilunar valves) prevent any backflow of the blood into the ventricles. At the same time the atrioventricular valves open, allowing the ventricles to fill with blood again. All of the valves of the heart are formed of the interior skin of the heart (the endocardium) and are strengthened by sinew-like fibroplates. Since the left half of the heart has to work harder that the right, the wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than that of the right. The supply of the cardiac musculature with blood rich in oxygen and nutrients takes place in a separate circulation system via the coronary vessel. The heart of a human adult at rest beats 60-100 times a minute. Each such heartbeat pumps 70-100 ml of blood per heart chamber. Under psychic and physical stress the heart frequency and the quantity of blood transported per heartbeat can increase considerably. |
| Histology |
The science of body tissue. A histological examination involves the examination of body tissue aimed at determining its components. It therefore serves as a diagnostic method when a tumour is suspected. |
| Hypertension |
This can be understood as a lasting increase in the average arterial high blood pressure within the systemic circulation, with values in excess of 160 mmHg systolic and 95 mmHg diastolic (Hg = mercury column). High book pressure is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. |
| Hypertrophic (Obstructive) Cardiomyopathy |
Congenital, even hereditary thickening of the heart muscle. One speaks of its being "obstructive" if the blood flow is impaired by the swelling. |
| Hypertrophy |
A thickening of the heart muscle, e.g. in the case of aggravated discharge via a swollen heart valve. This is also recognized as a heart-muscle disease in its own right (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). |
| Hypotension |
Low blood pressure. |
| Hypothermia |
A reduction of the body temperature which can be produced artificially so that, in cases of extensive surgery on the heart-lung apparatus, the tissue can be protected against oxygen deficiency. |
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I
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| -itis |
A word ending indicating an inflammation, possibly the infection of a specific organ, e.g. endocarditis, appendicitis, meningitis. |
| Immunmodulation |
An influence on the immunological system exerted by certain medicaments or substances. |
| Immunstimulation |
Stimulation of the immunological system. |
| Implant |
An implanted foreign body (e.g. an artificial valve). |
| Impulse Conduction System |
The heart's electrical circuit consisting of sinus nodes, atrioventricular nodes, bundle of His, Tawara's node and Purkinje's fibres. |
| Infusion |
A fluid containing medicaments that are administered via a tube attached to a vein. |
| Injection |
The administering of medicament to the blood vessels using a syringe or an infusion line. |
| Insufficiency |
The inability to satisfy the requirements of the body (e.g. cardiac insufficiency). The leakage of a valve is also described as an insufficiency. |
| Intervention |
Therapeutic measures, such as a balloon angioplasty of narrowed coronary vessels, opening of a constricted heart valve during cardiac catheterization, ablation of an untypical conduction pathway, placement of a stent or umbrella-occlusion of a persistent ductus arteriosus. |
| Invasive |
Intervening, e.g. cardiac catheterization is an invasive treatment whereas the ECG or ultrasound examination of the heart is non-invasive. |
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P
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Palliation |
Surgery to improve the condition of a heart abnormality or to prevent possible complications from arising. In such an operation the defect as such remains, but can if necessary be corrected at a later point in time. |
| Palpitations |
Perceptible, unpleasant sensation from the heartbeat. |
| Papillary Muscle |
Muscular structures within the ventricles, at the tip of which tendinous cords to the atrium valve (mitral valve) pull and move this |
| Paresis |
Paralysis. |
| Paroxysmal |
Sudden onset and sudden ending. |
| PDA |
See Persistent Ductus Arteriosus. |
| Pectoralis Muscle |
Relating to the chest area. |
| Pericardium |
The pericardial sac, a protective cover for the heart. |
| Peripheral |
Away from the heart. |
| Persistent |
Remaining, not receding. |
| Plasma |
Fluid component of the blood, i.e. without any cells. |
| Pneumothorax |
Air in the pleural cavity; the vacuum is absent, the lung collapses. |
| Polycythaemia |
Propagation of cells in the blood. In cases of long-lasting cyanosis, there is propagation of the red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes). |
| Postpericardiotomy Syndrome |
Accumulation of fluid in the pericardium following surgery during which the pericardium was opened. Usually accompanied by fever and a feeling of exhaustion on the part of the patient. |
| Pre-Excitation |
Premature and untypical electrical stimulation of the ventricle via additionally available conduction pathways. |
| Precordium |
Part of the chest wall in front of the heart. |
| Preload |
The amount of blood flowing into the relaxed heart. |
| Premature Contractions |
Premature or additional contractions of the heart. A distinction is made between supraventricular and ventricular premature contractions. |
| Premedication |
Administering of medicament prior to narcosis or extensive surgery (cardiac catheterization) intended top make the patient drowsy (sedation) and indolent. |
| Programming Device |
A device based on the microcomputer, used to communicate with a heart pacemaker or AICD. During the tests and medical check-ups it makes information available. The doctor or physician uses the programming device to set the pacemaker or AICD so that it can detect and treat the arrhythmia. The programming device can, for example, help the doctor or physician to decide whether or not a pacemaker or AICD needs to be exchanged. |
| Prophylaxis |
Prevention. |
| Psychosomatic |
Physically conspicuous for psychological reasons. Psychological stress can give rise to physical symptoms, e.g. stress-related headaches. |
| Pulmonary Hypertension |
An increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery; if this persists for a longer period the pulmonary vessels eventually alter permanently and the condition is no longer reversible (permanent pulmonary hypertension). Obstructive lung angiopathy. |
| Pulse |
Palpable heartbeat in the arterial blood vessels. |
| Purkinje's Fibres |
The last branches of the impulse conduction system in the main ventricles. From here on the electrical impulse is passed on to the myocardial fibres. |
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R
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Respirator |
A breathing apparatus used in the intensive care unit for artificial respiration of the patient. |
| Restenosis |
Renewed stricture of a valve following previous widening. |
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
Heart muscle disorder in its own right, with marked stiffening of the wall of the left ventricle. |
| Right-to-Left Shunt |
A mixing of the oxygen-deficient and oxygen-rich blood in the systemic circulation; the patient is cyanotic |
| Run of Tachycardiac Beats |
A quick sequence of extra heartbeats. |
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S
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Sedation |
Tranquilization with the help of a medicament (drops, tablets, suppositories, injection). |
| Sepsis |
Infection with elimination of bacteria into the blood. |
| Shunt |
A natural or artificially created connection between the left and right bloodstream areas of the heart. |
| Shunt Volume |
The quantity of blood that flows through a connection between the left and right areas of the heart. |
| Singular Ventricle |
A single chamber supplies both the pulmonary artery and the aorta. |
| Sinus Node |
A small area of the upper right ventricle of the heart that normally produces an electrical impulse. This impulse passes through the heart, causing it to beat. |
| Smoking |
Nicotine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure and leads to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood. Smoking is a risk factor for arteriosclerotic disorders of the blood vessels and for coronary heart disease. |
| Stenosis |
Constriction (of a valve or a vessel). |
| Stent |
A tubular grid-like artefact placed, for example, in a coronary vessel with the help of a catheter, where it secures the opening of the vessel. |
| Sternotomy |
A vertical incision of the breastbone (sternum) undertaken when heart surgery is to be performed. |
| Sternum |
The breastbone. |
| Stethoscope |
The doctor's or physician's "hearing aid", with which he or she can listen to the tones and sounds of the heart. |
| Stimulation |
Excitation. For example, the stimulation of the heart muscle by an electrical impulse. |
| Stimulus Threshold |
The lowest threshold at which an impulse is still passed on to the myocardial tissue (heart pacemaker). |
| Stress |
A term characterized by Herz Selye in 1936 as a general type of human reaction to increased demands and expectations. The stress factors can be emotional or physical. The condition leads to hyperactivity of the suprarenal gland with increased secretion of adrenaline. Severe stress suffered over a longer period can result in a variety of health complaints (coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stomach ulcers). |
| Subcutaneous |
Under the skin. |
| Sudden Death from Heart Disease |
A type of death that has to do with electrical problems in the heart. (This differs from heart attack in that the latter is due to damage of the heart muscle caused by blockage of an artery, rather than by an electrical problem.) Sudden death from heart disease is normally caused by a ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. An automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) system can, however, reduce the risk of sudden death by heart disease enormously. |
| Sympathetic Nervous System |
The body's nervous system that, amongst other things, causes the heart to beat faster. |
| Symptom |
A sign of illness. |
| Syncope |
Loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain. In contrast to a simple collapse, the cause is attributed to cardiac dysrhythmia or to a congenital heart disorder (Stokes-Adams attack). |
| Syndrome |
Coincidence of several abnormalities that are also recognizable in this combination in other patients. |
| Systole |
The contraction phase of the heart muscle alternating with the diastolic rhythm from the beginning of the isometric interval until the end of the ejection time. |
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T
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Tachycardia |
A heartbeat that is too fast. |
| Telemetry |
Remote reading of a heart pacemaker or AICD through the skin. |
| TGA |
See "Transposition of the Great Arteries". |
| Thrombocytes |
Blood platelets that, thanks to their stickiness, form part of the body's own blood coagulation system. |
| Thrombosis |
Constriction or blockage of a blood vessel caused by clotting of the blood. |
| Thrombus |
Blood clot within a blood vessel or a ventricle of the heart. |
| Trachea |
The windpipe. |
| Transfusion |
The administering of donor blood, usually in the form of blood constituents (erythrocyte concentrate, fresh plasma, platelet concentrate). |
| Transoesophageal |
Via the gullet. |
| Transported |
Reversed, standing the other way round. |
| Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) |
An anatomical defect, with the aorta coming strait from the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery strait from the left ventricle of the heart. The result is a severe deficiency in the oxygen supply. Children with a transposition of the great arteries are already extremely cyanotic immediately after birth. An immediate diagnosis must be made employing echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. On confirmation of this diagnosis an immediate interatrial septal defect must be created employing the cardiac catheterization technique, in order to facilitate a mixing of the venous and arterial blood. Corrective surgery should then be undertaken within the child's first weeks of life. |
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V
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| Begriff |
Erklärung |
| Arterial Septal Defect (ASD) |
A defect in the septum that normally separates the heart auricles from each other. |
| Vagus |
The body's nervous system that, amongst other things, causes the heart to beat more slowly. |
| Valvular |
Valve-related. |
| Valvuloplasty |
Dilation of a constricted valve, e.g. using a balloon catheter. |
| Valvulotomy |
Surgical widening of a constricted valve. |
| Vascular |
Vascular-system-related. |
| Vegetation |
Tissue proliferation at a cardiac valve as a result of infection (endocarditis). |
| Vein |
A blood vessel that channels the blood to the heart. |
| Ventricle |
One of the two lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps blood into the lung, while the left ventricle pumps oxygen-enriched blood through the body. |
| Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) |
An opening or openings in the ventricular septum that normally separates the right ventricle of the heart from the left ventricle. A spontaneous blockage of small, especially muscular VSDs is possible during childhood. A VSD can lead to heart failure, can require surgery or can become complicated due to illness of the pulmonary vessels. |
| Ventricular Septum |
Diaphragm between the left and right main chambers of the heart. |
| Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) |
A fast heartbeat caused by abnormal impulses emanating from a single region of the ventricle. The fast heartbeat of 120-250 beats a minute can give rise to a feeling of giddiness, weakness, impairment of vision and finally to unconsciousness. |
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